ABSTRACT
Crusted scabies is an uncommon manifestation of parasitic infection caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. This variant of scabies is seen in various immunocompromised states. Uncontrolled diabetes is an immunocompromised state which is characterized by increased incidence of various infections, and rarely, may be associated with this rare crusted scabies, which may pose a real diagnostic challenge. A high index of suspicion is required for timely and correct diagnosis in the best interest of the patient and the public health point of view to prevent the spread of this highly contagious infestation.
ABSTRACT
En esta revisión de la literatura se describen aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, clínicos y terapéuticos sobre una presentación atípica y grave de escabiosis, la sarna costrosa o noruega. Esta presentación de escabiosis destaca por afectar principalmente a personas con condiciones de inmunodepresión o sociales que las hacen susceptibles de una alta carga parasitaria, además se asocia a un peor pronóstico y a riesgo de complicaciones. Desde el punto de vista terapéutico, sus estrategias difieren del manejo de la escabiosis clásica.(AU)
This literature review describes epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an atypical and severe presentation of scabies, Norwegian or crusty scabies. This presentation of scabies stands out because it mainly affects people with immunosuppressive or social conditions that make them susceptibleto a high parasite load, it is also associated with a worse prognosis and risk of complications. From a therapeutic point of view, their strategies differ from the management of classic scabies.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Scabies/physiopathology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/etiology , Immune System/pathology , Sarcoptes scabiei/pathogenicity , Scabies/diagnosis , Scabies/drug therapy , Ivermectin/administration & dosage , HygieneABSTRACT
Se expone el caso de una paciente obesa inmunodeprimida que presentó una sarna costrosa. Luego de la sospecha clínica se confirmó el diagnóstico mediante acarotest. La paciente sufrió algunas complicaciones asociadas a su condición general, como sobreinfección de sus lesiones cutáneas, epistaxis e insuficiencia renal aguda, que fueron tratadas. La sarna costrosa fue tratada con ivermectina oral con dosis de 15 mg (200 ug/kilo de peso ideal según la talla), los días 1, 2, 7, 8 y 15, obteniendo una excelente respuesta terapéutica.
We present the case of an immunosuppressed obese patient who presented with crusted scabies. After clinical suspicion, the diagnosis was confirmed with skin scraping for the diagnosis of scabies. The patient presented some complications associated with her baseline condition, such as superinfection of her skin lesions, epistaxis and acute renal failure, which were treated. Crusted scabies was treated with oral ivermectin with a dose of 15 mg (200 ug/kg of ideal weight according to height), on days 1,2,7,8 and 15, obtaining an excellent therapeutic response.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Scabies/drug therapy , Ivermectin/administration & dosage , Antiparasitic Agents/administration & dosage , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La sarna costrosa corresponde a una variedad muy rara y poco frecuente de escabiosis; una parasitosis humana causada por el ácaro Sarcoptes Scabiei (var. Hominis); se produce principalmente en pacientes inmunodreprimidos y se caracteriza por lesiones atípicas y extensas, sumamente contagiosas debido al compromiso inmunitario. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 68 años de edad con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con un mal control glucémico, que es atendido por el servicio de dermatología. Las lesiones se presentan como placas extensas pruriginosas, queratósicas, eritemato-escamosas de escamas gruesas y adherentes de seis meses de evolución en tronco, muslos y pliegues axilares, inguinales e interdigitales. La sospecha clínica de sarna costrosa fue confirmada por biopsia; el tratamiento se realizó con ivermectina con mejoría del cuadro clínico.
Crusted scabies corresponds to a very rare variety and little common scabies; a human parasitic disease caused by an acarid in this case Sarcoptes Scabiei (var. Hominis); it observed mainly among inmunosupressed patients and is characterized by atypical and extensive lesions, highly contagious due to their immune compromise. A case of a patient of 68 years old is described with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 with poor glycemic control, which is assist by the dermatology service. Lesions included extensive and pruritic badges, quetatotic, erythematous-squamous of thick and adherent scales of six months evolution in trunk, thighs and axillary, inguinal and interdigital folds. The clinical suspicion of crusted scabies was confirmed by biopsy; the treatment was performed with ivermectin with improvement of the clinical picture.
Subject(s)
Scabies , Diabetes Mellitus , Dermatology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La escabiasis costrosa (EC) es una variante poco común de sarcoptiosis clásica, altamente contagiosa. Las lesiones poseen una elevada concentración del ácaro Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, lo que conlleva a un cuadro clínico más extenso que en la escabiasis clásica. Se observa principalmente en pacientes con algún tipo de inmunocompromiso y se relaciona con el síndrome de Down. Caso clínico: Se describe una paciente pediátrica con síndrome de Down quien presentó placas escamosas que afectaron la porción distal de los dedos, asociadas con distrofia ungueal e hiperqueratosis subungueal, por lo que se consideró acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau como diagnóstico diferencial. Se realizó una biopsia tipo punch con lo que se llegó al diagnóstico de EC. La paciente recibió tratamiento sistémico con ivermectina vía oral y tratamiento tópico con crema hidratante y desonida al 0.1%. Mostró mejoría clínica notoria dos semanas después de finalizar el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La EC es una variante prevalente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos y con síndrome de Down que fácilmente puede confundirse con patologías inflamatorias con alteración de la queratinización epidérmica. Este caso se considera una presentación atípica debido a la afección localizada en los dedos de las manos asociada con distrofia ungueal. El estudio histopatológico fue necesario para realizar el diagnóstico y descartar diagnósticos diferenciales.
Abstract Background: Crusted scabies (CS) is an uncommon, highly contagious, variant of classic scabies. Elevated concentrations of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis are found in the skin lesions, which lead to a more exaggerated clinical picture than in classic scabies. This disease is mainly observed in patients with any kind of immunosuppression and relates to Down syndrome. Case report: A pediatric female patient with Down syndrome, who presented a crusty white plaque associated with nail dystrophy and subungual hyperkeratosis affecting the distal portion of the fingers is described. Because of these findings, the diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau was considered. A punch biopsy was performed, attaining the diagnosis of CS. She received systemic treatment with oral ivermectin, topical treatment with emollient cream and desonide 0.1%. Notorious clinical improvement was observed two weeks after finalizing treatment. Conclusions: CS is variant of scabies prevalent in immunocompromised patients and Down syndrome that can be easily confused with inflammatory pathologies with abnormal epidermal keratinization. This case is considered as an atypical presentation of the disease because of local affection of the fingers and nail dystrophy. The histopathological study was necessary to obtain the diagnosis and rule out differential diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Scabies/diagnosis , Acrodermatitis/diagnosis , Down Syndrome/complications , Sarcoptes scabiei , Scabies/pathology , Scabies/drug therapy , Acrodermatitis/pathology , Ivermectin/administration & dosage , Desonide/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Antiparasitic Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
La sarna costrosa o noruega es una variedad poco frecuente de escabiosis, caracterizada por un elevado número de parásitos, alta contagiosidad y defectuosa respuesta inmune del huésped. Clínicamente se presenta con múltiples placas hiperqueratósicas fisuradas en sitios habitualmente respetados por la sarna común, acompañada de prurito leve, moderadoo intenso. Presentamos un paciente de sexo masculino de 20 años de edad, con síndrome de Down y diagnóstico de sarna noruega, con excelente respuesta al tratamiento con ivermectina oral.
Crusted or Norwegian scabies is a rare variety of scabies, characterized by a large numberof parasites, high infectivity, and a defective host response. Clinically, it presents withmultiple fissured hyperkeratotic plaques usually on sites unaffected by common scabies,associated with mild, moderate or severe itching. We present a 20 year- old male patientwith Down syndrome and diagnosis of Norwegian scabies who had excellent response tooral ivermectin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Scabies/diagnosis , Mite Infestations , Down Syndrome , Ivermectin , ParasitesABSTRACT
La sarna noruega es una variedad muy infrecuente¹ de la escabiosis que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Debido a la gran cantidad de parásitos presentes en las lesiones, las manifestaciones clínicas son mucho más intensas que en las formas habituales de sarna y es altamente contagiosa. Se describe el caso de un niño con síndrome de Down con este tipo de parasitosis, que presentó una respuesta muy satisfactoria al tratamiento combinado con queratolíticos, emolientes, ivermectina y acaricidas tópicos.
Norwegian (crusted) scabies is a rare and extreme manifestation of scabies that can be observed mainly among immunosuppressed patients. Due to the high number of scabies mites present in each lesion, crusted scabies symptoms are much more intense than in usual scabies and it is thus highly contagious. A case study of a child with Down syndrome and Norwegian scabies who shows a good response to a treatment combining keratolytics, emollients, ivermectin and topical scabicides is described.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Down Syndrome/complications , Scabies/complications , Scabies/therapyABSTRACT
Crusted (Norwegian) scabies is a clinical variant of human infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei, and is characterized by extensive, heavily crusted skin lesions. It usually affects immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is commonly missed, and can lead to mismanagement. Here we report a case of crusted scabies misdiagnosed as a cutaneous side reaction due to allopurinol in a 48 year old male patient with acquired perforating dermatosis who had been treated with allopurinol for about 20 weeks. The lesion showed pruritic, excessive hyperkeratotic scaly crusts and fissures on the hands, and on pelvic, genital and inguinal areas. His skin lesions disappeared after treatment with 10% crotamiton cream for 2 weeks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Allopurinol , Hand , Immunocompromised Host , Sarcoptes scabiei , Scabies , Skin , Skin Diseases , ToluidinesABSTRACT
Realizamos el estudio epidemiológico de un brote de sarna ocurrido en un hospital terciario, a partir de un caso de sarna costrosa, en febrero de 2005. Detectamos diez casos secundarios; ocho en el personal de salud y dos en pacientes hospitalizados, con una tasa de ataque de 4,1 por ciento. A diferencia de otros brotes, el diagnóstico de sarna costrosa se hizo al ingreso del caso primario al hospital. Las causas del brote fueron: adherencia deficiente a las medidas de aislamiento de contacto, permanencia prolongada del caso primario en sala compartida, y retardo en el inicio del tratamiento específico. Las principales medidas de control fueron: alertar a los servicios sobre el brote, realizar vigilancia epidemiológica, coordinación con la Dirección del Hospital y el Departamento de Salud Ocupacional, capacitar al personal de salud en las medidas de control, instaurar medidas de aislamiento y tratar a los casos y sus contactos con permetrina 5 por ciento loción tópica.
In February 2005 we performed an epidemiological study of an outbreak of scabies in a tertiary-care hospital which started from a crusted scabies case. We detected 10 secondary cases, 8 in healthcare workers and 2 in hospitalized patients. The attack rate was 4.1 percent. In contrast to previously described outbreaks, the crusted scabies case was recognized at admission. The outbreak causes were: lacking adherence to contact precautions, long stay of the primary case in the hospital ward and delay of specific treatment. The main control measures were: alerting the hospital services about the outbreak, performing epidemiologic surveillance, coordinating with the Hospital Direction and the Occupational Health Department, education of healthcare workers in control measures, implementation of isolation measures and treatment of cases and contacts with 5 percent permethrin topical lotion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Scabies/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Permethrin/therapeutic use , Petrolatum/therapeutic use , Scabies/drug therapy , Scabies/transmissionABSTRACT
La sarna costrosa o sarna noruega es una forma de escabiosis altamente contagiosa, debido al gran número de parásitos en la piel, como resultado de una falla de la respuesta inmune del huésped. A diferencia de la forma clásica, el prurito es menos intenso y las pápulas eritematosas, así como los túneles escabióticos pueden estar en pequeño número o ausentes. En los casos generalizados puede haber desarrollo de linfadenopatía e infección secundaria con evolución a sepsis u otra complicación grave. Reportamos el caso de un lactante de cinco meses de edad, desnutrido, con cuadro de sarna costrosa asociado a alteraciones significativas en los exámenes físico y de laboratorio (AU)
The crosted or norwegian scabies is a highly contagious form of scabies, given great number of parasites in the skin, resultant of an imperfection of the immune deffense of the host. In this clinic presentation, pruritus is less intense and eritematous papules as well as linear burrows can occur in small number or exactly absent. In generalized cases it can have the development of adenopathy and secondary infection can occur being able to evolve for sepse or serious other complications.We report the case of an infant of 5 months of age, malnourished, with crosted scabies associated with significative alterations in the physical and laboratorial examinations (AU)